Resource operations available in /api/v2/tax context provide means to calculate tax for a customer without actually storing a transaction.

Data model is shared with /api/v2/transactions endpoint.

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Differences between tax calculation and transaction storage

/tax/calculate is designed to support interactive use as part of dynamic checkout forms. Since it may be called before all the evidence is available it resolves a tax country in cases where the /transactions endpoint does not.

For example, given just an IP address, /tax/calculate will use it as the tax country.
However, depending on account configuration, /transactions may return a no_matching_evidence error.